George Orwell… « 1984 » et « Animal Farm », mais pas que. Le dernier roman que j’ai lu de cet auteur est « Down and Out in Paris and London » (Dans la Dèche à Paris et à Londres). En faisant quelques recherches sur sa vie et sur son œuvre, je suis tombée sur un site magnifique dédié à cet auteur, où l’on peut voir ses manuscrits, quelques pages de son journal intime, de la poésie, de photos, et plein de petits textes intéressants! Le site à également un blog, où est publié tous les jours un extrait du journal de George Orwell. Le blog est en ligne depuis 2008, et tous les jours on peut lire les pensées de l’auteur, des choses qu’il a noté il y a exactement 70ans. Ce blog fermera en 2012, exactement 70ans après qu’Orwell ait arrêté d’écrire dans son journal.
Je suis tombée sous le charme d’un petit texte rédigé en 1946 pour le journal « The Evening Standard » où G. Orwell décrit les onze étapes à ne pas manquer pour préparer un excellent thé! Je ne vais pas traduire, car je trouve que ce texte est vraiment facile à comprendre! Voilà ce qu’il nous dit:
Whilst looking around for information about George Orwell, I found the most interesting site dedicated to his life and to his works. Poetry, photos, diary entries… It’s all there! There is also a blog that retranscripts his diaries, in real time. Every entry published on the blog was written exactly 70years ago to the day. The on-line publication of his diaries will end in 2012, as he stopped writing in 1942, during the Second World War.
Here is a charming article written by Orwell in 1946 for « The Evening Standard » where he tells us exactly how to make a « Nice Cup of Tea »:
« A Nice Cup of Tea »
« If you look up ‘tea’ in the first cookery book that comes to hand you will probably find that it is unmentioned; or at most you will find a few lines of sketchy instructions which give no ruling on several of the most important points. This is curious, not only because tea is one of the main stays of civilization in this country, as well as in Eire, Australia and New Zealand, but because the best manner of making it is the subject of violent disputes.
When I look through my own recipe for the perfect cup of tea, I find no fewer than 11 outstanding points. On perhaps two of them there would be pretty general agreement, but at least four others are acutely controversial. Here are my own 11 rules, every one of which I regard as golden:
- First of all, one should use Indian or Ceylonese tea. China tea has virtues which are not to be despised nowadays—it is economical, and one can drink it without milk—but there is not much stimulation in it. One does not feel wiser, braver or more optimistic after drinking it. Anyone who has used that comforting phrase ‘a nice cup of tea’ invariably means Indian tea.
- Secondly, tea should be made in small quantities—that is, in a teapot. Tea out of an urn is always tasteless, while army tea, made in a cauldron, tastes of grease and whitewash. The teapot should be made of china or earthenware. Silver or Britanniaware teapots produce inferior tea and enamel pots are worse; though curiously enough a pewter teapot (a rarity nowadays) is not so bad.
- Thirdly, the pot should be warmed beforehand. This is better done by placing it on the hob than by the usual method of swilling it out with hot water.
- Fourthly, the tea should be strong. For a pot holding a quart, if you are going to fill it nearly to the brim, six heaped teaspoons would be about right. In a time of rationing, this is not an idea that can be realized on every day of the week, but I maintain that one strong cup of tea is better than twenty weak ones. All true tea lovers not only like their tea strong, but like it a little stronger with each year that passes—a fact which is recognized in the extra ration issued to old-age pensioners.
- Fifthly, the tea should be put straight into the pot. No strainers, muslin bags or other devices to imprison the tea. In some countries teapots are fitted with little dangling baskets under the spout to catch the stray leaves, which are supposed to be harmful. Actually one can swallow tea-leaves in considerable quantities without ill effect, and if the tea is not loose in the pot it never infuses properly.
- Sixthly, one should take the teapot to the kettle and not the other way about. The water should be actually boiling at the moment of impact, which means that one should keep it on the flame while one pours. Some people add that one should only use water that has been freshly brought to the boil, but I have never noticed that it makes any difference.
- Seventhly, after making the tea, one should stir it, or better, give the pot a good shake, afterwards allowing the leaves to settle.
- Eighthly, one should drink out of a good breakfast cup—that is, the cylindrical type of cup, not the flat, shallow type. The breakfast cup holds more, and with the other kind one’s tea is always half cold—before one has well started on it.
- Ninthly, one should pour the cream off the milk before using it for tea. Milk that is too creamy always gives tea a sickly taste.
- Tenthly, one should pour tea into the cup first. This is one of the most controversial points of all; indeed in every family in Britain there are probably two schools of thought on the subject. The milk-first school can bring forward some fairly strong arguments, but I maintain that my own argument is unanswerable. This is that, by putting the tea in first and stirring as one pours, one can exactly regulate the amount of milk whereas one is liable to put in too much milk if one does it the other way round.
- Lastly, tea—unless one is drinking it in the Russian style—should be drunk without sugar. I know very well that I am in a minority here. But still, how can you call yourself a true tea-lover if you destroy the flavour of your tea by putting sugar in it? It would be equally reasonable to put in pepper or salt. Tea is meant to be bitter, just as beer is meant to be bitter. If you sweeten it, you are no longer tasting the tea, you are merely tasting the sugar; you could make a very similar drink by dissolving sugar in plain hot water.
Some people would answer that they don’t like tea in itself, that they only drink it in order to be warmed and stimulated, and they need sugar to take the taste away. To those misguided people I would say: Try drinking tea without sugar for, say, a fortnight and it is very unlikely that you will ever want to ruin your tea by sweetening it again.
These are not the only controversial points to arise in connection with tea drinking, but they are sufficient to show how subtilized the whole business has become.
There is also the mysterious social etiquette surrounding the teapot (why is it considered vulgar to drink out of your saucer, for instance?) and much might be written about the subsidiary uses of tealeaves, such as telling fortunes, predicting the arrival of visitors, feeding rabbits, healing burns and sweeping the carpet.
It is worth paying attention to such details as warming the pot and using water that is really boiling, so as to make quite sure of wringing out of one’s ration the 20 good, strong cups that two ounces, properly handled, ought to represent. »
Pardonnez-moi pour mon absence cette semaine, mais comme vous le savez, les choses sont difficiles en ce moment! J’ai eu une dissertation à rendre hier en Droit de la Propriété Intellectuelle, et je dois également rédiger une autre dissertation de 3000 mots pour la semaine prochaine en Droit des Obligations. Je travaille toujours au Château, je vais à la gym deux ou trois fois par semaine, j’essaye de sortir et de rencontrer de nouvelles personnes, mais j’ai toujours l’impression qu’il y a quelque chose qui manque, qui cloche.
Je voulais également vous demander si la dernière photo vous dit quelque chose? Je me souviens d’avoir vu il y a quelques années, sûrement dans le magazine « Cosmopolitan » des stands à gâteaux fabriqués uniquement avec des assiettes et des tasses de thé anciennes. Mais impossible de retrouver la boutique sur internet! Je me suis tournée vers Etsy, mais à part la dernière boutique mentionnée, je ne vois rien qui pourrait y ressembler. Les stands à gâteaux que je recherche sont beaucoup plus fins, et bien plus élaborés!
Bon week-end à vous tous!
Sorry for being absent this week, but as you know, things are a little difficult at the moment! I’ve got several essays to write, I’m still working at the Castle, I’m trying to go to the gym at least twice a week and I’m always busy, but I still feel that there is something missing.
Do you have any idea where I could find a cake stand that is made entirely from vintage teacups and saucers? A bit like in the last photo, but I’m looking for something more delicate and refined. I remember seeing something about these gorgeous cake stands in the French « Cosmopolitan » a while back, but I can’t seem to be able to find anything more about it. Thanks!
Have a lovely week-end!
Le Théâtre Royal aujourd’hui
Bibliothèque du Château
Le Cabinet de Curiosités de Madeleine Miranda 